Lesson 1: Il Sardo
Sardinian (sardu, limba sarda, lingua sarda) or Sard is the primary indigenous language spoken on most of the island of Sardinia (Italy). Of the Romance languages it is considered the closest to Latin.[3] However, it also incorporates a reduced Paleo-Sardinian) and Punic substratum, and aCatalan, Spanish and Italiansuperstratum due to the past political membership of the island, first gravitating towards the Hispanic sphere of influence and later towards the Italian one.
Sardinian consists of two varieties, each with their own literature:[4][5]Campidanese and Logudorese, spoken respectively in the southern half and in the north-central part of Sardinia. Some attempts have been made to introduce a standardized writing system by combining the two Sardinian varieties, like the LSU (Limba Sarda Unificada, "Unified Sardinian Language") and LSC (Limba Sarda Comuna, "Common Sardinian Language"),[6] but they have not been generally acknowledged by native speakers.[7][8]
In 1997 Sardinian, along with all the other languages spoken by theSardinians, has been recognized by a regional law; since 1999, Sardinian is also one of the twelve "historicallanguage minorities" of Italy and protected as such by the national Law 482.[9] However, the language is in rapid retreat and UNESCO classifies both main varieties as "definitelyendangered";[10] although an estimated 68.4 percent of the islanders have a good oral command of Sardinian,[11]Italian is displacing it nonetheless; language ability among children drops in fact to around 13 percent, if not even less, and the intergenerational transmission has been severed.[12][13]
Sardinian consists of two varieties, each with their own literature:[4][5]Campidanese and Logudorese, spoken respectively in the southern half and in the north-central part of Sardinia. Some attempts have been made to introduce a standardized writing system by combining the two Sardinian varieties, like the LSU (Limba Sarda Unificada, "Unified Sardinian Language") and LSC (Limba Sarda Comuna, "Common Sardinian Language"),[6] but they have not been generally acknowledged by native speakers.[7][8]
In 1997 Sardinian, along with all the other languages spoken by theSardinians, has been recognized by a regional law; since 1999, Sardinian is also one of the twelve "historicallanguage minorities" of Italy and protected as such by the national Law 482.[9] However, the language is in rapid retreat and UNESCO classifies both main varieties as "definitelyendangered";[10] although an estimated 68.4 percent of the islanders have a good oral command of Sardinian,[11]Italian is displacing it nonetheless; language ability among children drops in fact to around 13 percent, if not even less, and the intergenerational transmission has been severed.[12][13]
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